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The convex surface provides the primary focusing power, while the flat surface minimizes reflection losses when oriented toward the focal plane. This design achieves the "best-form" configuration for parallel light input, ensuring minimal spherical aberration and maximum light throughput .
Positive focal lengths from 10 mm to 1000 mm, with ±1% tolerance for precise energy concentration .
Optimized for infinite conjugate applications (e.g., focusing parallel laser beams), reducing aberration compared to biconvex designs .
Surface roughness < 20 nm for enhanced light transmittance and reduced scatter in sensitive imaging systems.
N-BK7 glass as standard, offering excellent transmission in the visible spectrum (350 nm - 2.0 μm) and cost-effectiveness for general use .
Fused silica option for UV (185 nm - 2.1 μm) and high-power laser applications, providing low thermal expansion and high damage threshold .
Custom wavelength optimization available for 750-1550 nm near-infrared systems .
λ/4 MgF₂ AR coatings as standard, reducing surface reflections to <1% per surface and increasing overall transmittance to 99.5% .
Durable hydrophobic coatings (e.g., ZEISS Duravision®) for scratch resistance and easy cleaning in industrial environments .
In machine vision cameras and photography lenses, plano convex lenses deliver sharp image formation by focusing light onto sensors. Their low distortion makes them ideal for metrology applications requiring dimensional accuracy.
These lenses are critical in laser cutting and welding systems, where they focus high-power beams into small spot sizes (μm-scale) to achieve precise material ablation. The flat surface orientation toward the laser source minimizes energy loss.
In projectors and fiber optic couplers, plano convex lenses collimate light from LEDs or fiber outputs, ensuring uniform illumination across targets. They are also used in solar simulators to focus sunlight onto photovoltaic cells for efficiency testing.
Q: Which surface should face the collimated light source?
A: For optimal performance, the convex surface should face the collimated light to minimize spherical aberration, especially in infinite conjugate setups .
Q: What is the maximum power handling capability?
N-BK7 lenses with AR coatings handle up to 10 W/cm² (CW) in visible wavelengths.
Fused silica lenses withstand >100 W/cm², suitable for high-power lasers.
Q: How does temperature affect focal length?
A: N-BK7 exhibits moderate thermal expansion (7.1×10⁻⁶/°C), while fused silica offers superior stability (0.55×10⁻⁶/°C) for high-precision, temperature-varying environments .
Q: Can these lenses be used for fluorescence microscopy?
A: Yes, paired with UV-AR coatings, fused silica plano convex lenses excel in fluorescence applications by transmitting UV excitation light and visible emission wavelengths.
